What is meant by upper lip twitching?

The surrounding areas of the mouth and lips experience small muscle contractions. Lip twitching is a sudden involuntary contraction of the muscles present in the upper or the lower lips. The muscle tightening can happen to any of the lips at a time or both the lips together due to some irritation in the muscle supply by the nerves present around the lips. Twitching of lips can occur for seconds, minutes or more.

It feels like trembles, spasms or local movements of the lips. If this continues repeatedly, then it may turn out to be a long-term ailment or may be the cause of a severe underlying medical condition. Lip twitching is also termed as lip fasciculation and may occur to anyone of any age, race or gender.

Left Upper Lip Twitching & Right upper Lip Twitching

If left upper lip twitching is felt, then the affected person may suffer from a nervous problem on the left-hand side of his or her lips. Various neurological diseases might be the cause for this.

Again, right side lip twitching may occur due to some nerve disorders on the right side of the face. This occurrence might be due to an injury to the facial nerve on the right side.

Symptoms of upper lip twitching

Twitching of lips may have significant symptoms and are often felt as soft tremors that may travel to the rest of the face too. Some of the signs are:

• Sudden involuntary muscle contractions in lips
• Mild palpitations or movements on the upper lip
• Freezing or numbness in lips
• Edges of lips may feel a curling sensation
• Repeated spasms occurring at frequent intervals within a few minutes
• Quivering on the lips
• Abnormal feeling on the lips

Causes for upper lip twitching

Several underlying causes reflect in twitching of the lips:

• Any trauma or injury may irritate the facial nerve and twitching
• Stress is directly related to the worse conditions for lip twitching
• Nerve ends present in the lip muscles begin to stimulate
• Quitting alcohol, drugs and cigarettes may cause twitching
• Adverse effects due to various stimulants and medications
• Release of deep emotions like anger, excitement or fear
• Feeling anxious or nervous
• Extreme fatigue
• Potassium deficiency
• Muscle fatigue
• Lack of electrolytes mainly hypokalemia
• Excessive consumption of caffeine
• Viral infections
• Malfunction of cranial nerves present in facial muscles
• Withdrawal of cocaine, heroin or amphetamines
• Herpes simplex infection in lips
• Hemifacial Spasm
• Side effects of medicines for neurological treatment

Severe Health Conditions

• Viral infection caused by Bell’s palsy
• Hyperparathyroidism causing low levels of parathyroid hormone and low levels of blood and bone calcium
• Parkinson’s disease
• Tourette’s syndrome causing tics due to genetic neurological disorders
• DiGeorge Syndrome causing underdevelopment of body
• Multiple sclerosis
• Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis due to death of neurons in brain and spinal cord
• Essential tremors in lips affecting head and extremities due to neurological dysfunction

Treatment for upper lip twitching

Although it is difficult to ascertain a specific treatment, some treatments have been beneficial for specific cases of lip twitching. Usually, neurological disorders and diseases of the brain are responsible for this condition, so they must be treated. But in most cases, people who suffer from lip twitching often ignore the condition, but this should be noted and taken care.

Doctors mostly prescribe medications for mild conditions of lip twitching. However, this cannot be treated but can be prevented by some natural ways and measures. They include approaches for reducing or sometimes stopping the movement of the lips thereby preventing twitching.

Natural remedies for treating upper lip twitching

Mostly, lip twitching can easily be cured through changes made in the daily course of life. Dietary changes and changes in habit may help to reduce further worsening of the condition:

• During each episode of twitching, press fingers to the lips
• When twitching begins to cover the surface of the lips with a warm cloth to stop it
• Adopt a healthy lifestyle and take proper care of the body
• Take appropriate care of mental and physical health of the body
• Maintain a well-balanced diet and nourishment for the body
• Have an adequate intake of vitamins and minerals
• Get adequate sleep
• Reduce stress and avoid excessive work that tires the body
• Exercise and remain energetic
• Have a glass of warm milk with honey mixed in it
• Have plenty of vitamin B12, vitamin D, and magnesium-rich foods
• Eat lots of green leafy vegetables, beans and lentils for potassium intake
• Have more amounts of watermelons and bananas
• Cut down on coffee or other caffeinated drinks
• Limit alcohol intake
• Reduce levels of stress
• Ad more amount of ginger in your diet
• Apply herbs like chamomile, lavender and essential oils to relieve stress
• Meditate and practice yoga to reduce anxiety
• Reduce intake of stimulants
• Behavioral therapy to reduce lip twitching
• Psychotherapy is not a bad option if caused by mental illness
• Restrict neuro-stimulating substances

When to call the doctor?

In most cases, lip twitching is considered harmless and disappears causing no residual problems. They tend to occur and then resolve on their own to people more prone to stress, and as a result, this twitching of lips arise in them at frequent intervals.

But in some cases when lip twitching becomes persistent and chronic, it is best to refer to a doctor to detect if any serious underlying medical condition is present. If other symptoms appear with lip twitching like muscle weakness, drooping of the face or visionary problems or any neurological disorders, then a doctor must be immediately consulted.

Upper Lip Twitching Image

Upper Lip Twitching Causes Image

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A debatable question that often arises is why teeth are not considered as bones? In fact, teeth are as strong as the bones or even stronger at times. Teeth comprise of the hardest substance that is the enamel which makes it very hard and sturdy.

Differences & similarities between teeth & bones

Similarities

• Hard
• White in color
• Contain huge amounts of calcium and phosphorus
• Contain nerves at the core
• Gets support through Calcium and Vitamin D supplements

Differences

Teeth composition

1.    Enamel

The primary component of teeth is the enamel that acts as the hardest substance of the human body. For this reason, human teeth are harder than the bones. The enamel primarily contains crystalline calcium phosphate and several mineral components to make it the strongest part of the body. About 96% is made up of minerals while the remaining 4% contains organic materials and water. The color of the enamel ranges from a shade of grayish white to light yellowish.

2.    Dentin

Dentin is a connective tissue comprising of collagen and different minerals (70% inorganic minerals, 20% organic minerals and 10% of water components). Dentin is softer compared to the enamel. Hence, tooth decaying and cavities occur easily if proper care of the teeth is not done.

3.    Cementum

The cementum surrounds the root of the teeth and anchors the tooth to support the periodontal ligaments and contributes to its stability. If this cementum is absent, then the tooth can move on its own with even a slight movement of the body. 45% hydroxyapatite, a few inorganic substances, some organic components, 33% collagen and 22% water- all of these comprise the cementum.

4.    Pulp

The dental pulp also called as the root canal found at the center of the tooth is a soft connective tissue and consists of various nerves and blood vessels.

Are teeth bones or cartilage?

From the scientific point of view, teeth are not considered as bones but are included as a part of the skeletal system. Both bones and teeth comprise of different chemical composition and vary in structure too. Hence, when it comes to the answer if teeth are bones or cartilage, it’s neither of the two.

Cartilages are present around nose and ears and are flexible structures that provide support. They are usually found in the joints in between bones and helps in allowing pliability and control the movement of the joints. It is significantly different from teeth. Teeth are rather hard structures, but cartilages are soft and flexible.

Are teeth bones or calcium?

Some theories have also debated if teeth are bones or calcium. Now that we know teeth are not bones, we must also note that the composition of teeth does not remain limited to calcium alone. Calcium only acts as an integral part of the formation of teeth. With age, acidic foods tend to damage our enamel and results in erosion of the enamel making our teeth prone to cavities.

It has proved that prolonged exposure to necessary minerals can help in rebuilding the enamel and thereby keep the teeth healthy and strong. Calcium present inside our teeth also helps to rebuild layers of enamel which seem to wear away with the passage of time and through the intake of effective foods. Calcium also is a vital ingredient in bones but it only helps to fill the gaps of the tissue present in the bones to make them rigid and sturdy enough which in a way makes bones strong. Hence we conclude that teeth are neither bones nor calcium.

Are teeth bones or connected to bones?

Teeth and bones seem to come into contact inside the mouth. With a view from the surface, it appears that the teeth are connected to the jawbone and have a continuous link with each other.  But on a close examination, it is noticed that teeth are not actually connected to the jawbone, they only adhere to a thin membranous ligament-like structure which keeps the teeth in position and the roots go down connected to the jawbone. Hence, it is clearly found that although people think that teeth and jawbones are connected, they are separated by a thin layer of fiber along the jaw.

Human tooth diagram

Teeth illustration

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Human tongue consists of about 8000 -10000 taste buds over the tiny structures called papillae. These lay on the upper surface of the tongue, the top part of the epiglottis, esophagus, and soft palate that helps to detect the different tastes of foods. Primary ones are:

1. Sweet
2. Salty
3. Sour
4. Bitter

The tip of the tongue responds to both salty and sweet foods. The sides are for sour and the back of the tongue is sensitive to bitter tastes.

tongue taste image

Papillae are mainly of three categories

• Fungiform papillae are the most typical types found on the tip and edges on the tongue. These help us to taste different flavors as well as to check the temperature of the food items.
• Circumvallated papillae lay at the base of the tongue. They are mostly large and round and are the house of several taste buds.
• Foliate papillae clusters at the back edges of the tongue. Each of them contains hundreds of taste buds.

What is Inflamed Taste Buds?

Taste buds placed inside the tiny bumps lining the tongue can become enlarged or swollen. This swelling can cause on any one side of the tongue or cheek, soft palate and other parts of the mouth.

Causes of Inflamed Taste Buds

• Hot beverages: Sipping hot coffee/tea and even any hot food might lead to irritation and swelling of the taste buds.
• Spicy foods: Eating spicy foods, peppered items which might cause irritation and swelling on the buds.
• Infection: Viral infections in the mouth may cause inflamed and swollen taste buds.
• Trauma: Might get irritated even due to various traumas such as burning your mouth with hot foods, tongue biting or rubbing can result in swelling.
• Allergic reactions: Several foods and dental products, mouthwashes and medicines may cause swelling or inflammation in the taste buds. Some seafood, citrus foods are also a cause of allergies in the mouth.
• Tobacco and alcohol consumption: Chewing of tobacco products or even use of alcohol can be a reason. Smoking cigarettes irritate the taste buds making them dull resulting in the inability to identify different flavors.
• Stress and depression: Prolonged stress and mental issues are also a cause for irritation and inflamed taste buds. Long periods of stress create a hormonal imbalance and thus weaken the body immunity.
• Mouth diseases: Diseases like oral cancer, mouth ulcers, and oral thrush are a source of swelling and inflammation.
• Acid reflux: Regurgitated acid after entering the mouth can be too strong to handle and can irritate the tongue and especially the buds. It causes swelling in the taste buds.
• Vitamin deficiency: It may result in the sore tongue and inflamed taste buds. Vitamin C, vitamin B complex, and iron are the primary source for the good health of oral cavity. A lack of these leads to the swollen tongue and enlarged taste buds which again are symptoms for Scurvy.
• Tongue piercing: After getting the tongue pierced, infections might occur leading to inflammation, irritation, swelling, redness and even bleeding. Also discoloration of the tongue, discharge of fluids or pain may be a result of piercing. As a result, swollen taste buds at the end of the tongue or the tip may get inflamed. They get enlarged and even cause burning at the edges of the tongue with a tingling sensation on parts of the tongue.
• Dehydration: Dry or dehydrated mouth or throat may also lead to swelling of taste buds. When dry, they are more prone to irritation.
• Sexually transmitted diseases: STDs may affect the papillae and mouth causing inflammation of taste buds. These are of three types:-

1. Type 1 (HSV-1) or oral herpes: They cause sores on various parts of the mouth and tongue making the taste buds very swollen and painful.
2. Type 2: Also known as syphilis, it causes sores on the mouth and lips making the taste buds inflamed.
3. Type 3: A form of oral gonorrhea, it leads to itching, sore throat and difficulties in swallowing. White or yellow discharges are also present causing swelling in taste buds.

Diagnosis of Inflamed Taste Buds

Doctors diagnose the condition by examining the tongue for the following parameters:

1. Color
2. Texture
3. Appearance
4. Size

They might even touch the surface of the tongue to check if any lumps or pain is present. In case, he finds a symptom of oral cancer, and he would advise a biopsy. This test will need to remove a small sample of tissue from the tongue for examining.

Inflamed (swollen) taste buds picture

Treatments for Inflamed Taste Buds

• One can treat the Infected ones caused by bacteria or fungal reactions through use of antibiotics, antiviral and antifungal under the prescription of the doctor
• Antacids might help in curing the swollen taste buds caused by acid reflux
• Consuming vitamins and mineral capsules or supplements can cure inflammation of taste buds if caused by deficiency

Home Remedies

• Maintain oral hygiene to keep it safe. Brush twice a day, use antiseptic mouthwashes to prevent bacterial or other infections
• Quit smoking as it increases the risk of gum diseases and oral cancer
• Avoid spicy and hot foods to lessen the irritation
• Gargle three times a day with lukewarm water and salt
• Rubbing gently over the tongue with ice can give relief to the irritation and prevent swelling
• Application of baking soda is helpful as it cools the irritating part and relives the swelling too
• Rinse your tongue with the tea tree oil by mixing some drops into lukewarm water and then gargle it
• Eat more foods containing ginger, garlic, and pepper which will reduce the irritation and prevent it from further infection
• Apply honey on the surface of the tongue over the affected area, and it helps in healing and preventing anti-bacterial infections
• Glycerin also relives the inflamed taste buds if caused by mouth sores, any trauma or any injury
• Stay hydrated with enough water if the inflamed taste buds occur as a result of dehydration and dry mouth or throat
• Yoghurt with probiotics will help to reduce the swelling of the taste buds especially in case of swelling due to dry mouth
• Drink cold beverages instead of hot drinks which would help to sooth the tongue.

When to call a doctor?

Swelling of taste buds is a common issue, and it happens due to spicy or allergic reactions in the tongue. It usually disappears rather quickly after few hours or days on its own. In case of infection, the swelling won’t go until the infection gets wholly cured.  At times when the situation gets serious, the home remedies won’t work. In case of prolonged swelling of the taste bud for about a week, the doctor and proper medication are required.

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Trench mouth is a rare bacterial infection characterized by ulcers, swelling, and inflammation of the gums. The condition got its name when soldiers in World War 1 were affected by severe gum problems as they were deprived of proper oral hygiene in the trenches.

The medical terms of this rapidly growing type of gingivitis are Vincent’s stomatitis, acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (ANUG) and necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. It is sometimes mistaken for a thrush or oral yeast infection.

Signs and Symptoms

Symptoms begin abruptly, with the earliest ones being:

• Bad breath
• Metal taste in the mouth

Other symptoms include:

Related to the Gums

• Excessive bleeding even with slight external pressure
• Gnawing pain
• Swelling
• Redness
• Development of crater-like sores between the teeth
• A covering of a grayish layer of dead tissues

Related to the Mouth

• Excess saliva production
• Pain while eating, talking or swallowing

Other Symptoms

• Uneasy feeling
• Sore throat
• Fatigue
• Mild fever
• Loss of appetite
• Lymph node swelling around neck, head and under jaw

What Causes Trench Mouth

The mouth generally contains a balance of harmless bacteria, fungi and viruses. Trench mouth occurs when bacteria grows abnormally and damages the gum tissues (gingiva).

Trench Mouth – Ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis

The exact mechanism of bacterial infection is not known, but it’s assumed that certain enzymes, as well as toxins produced by the bacteria may be responsible.

Is Trench Mouth Contagious

Trench mouth is not contagious but it is a serious condition that needs immediate attention.

Risk Factors

It can occur in both adults and children, but is more likely to affect people between 15‑ 35. Developing countries with malnourishment and poor oral hygiene are also at risk. The other factors include:

• Recurring infection of tooth, mouth or throat
• Vitamin deficiencies (especially vitamins B and C)
• Emotional stress
• Smoking
• Diabetes
• Weak immune system
• HIV/AIDS

Complications

• Mouth ulcers
• Tooth loss
• Dehydration
• Gangrenous stomatitis
• Peritonitis
• Toxemia
• Vincent’s angina

How to Prevent Trench Mouth

Trench mouth is a rare ailment and can be prevented by avoiding the risk factors. Practicing some good habits like the following can help reduce the chances of developing the infection:

• Abstaining from smoking or chewing tobacco
• Practicing some stress relief techniques like yoga and exercise for minimizing stress
• Going to the dentist for a professional oral cleaning once every six months

Tests and Diagnosis

The doctor may order the following tests if trench mouth is suspected:

• A detailed clinical examination of teeth and gums
• Dental X-ray to determine the severity of the infection and to see how much tissue has been damaged
• Blood tests to find out the type of bacteria causing the damage
• Throat swab culture test for further confirmation of the condition

Differential Diagnosis

• Adrenal insufficiency and adrenal crisis
• Allergic reaction
• Fungal infection
• Blood dyscrasias
• Chronic debilitating disease
• Gingivitis diabetes mellitus
• Gingivitis, desquamative
• Gingivitis pregnancy
• Gingivitis, phenytoin
• Glossitis
• HIV/AIDS-related periodontitis
• Inadequate plaque removal
• Noma (cancrum oris)
• Pericoronitis
• Periodontitis
• Yeast

Trench Mouth Treatment

The treatment, directed at curing the infection and relieving the symptoms, is carried out on the basis of which stage the infection has reached and whether severe symptoms and complications like fever or enlargement of lymph nodes have developed.

Home Remedies to Get Rid of Trench Mouth

In the early stages of the infection, rinsing with salt water, chlorhexidine or a hydrogen peroxide solution can help in softening sore gums and in removing dead tissues. Baking soda may also be used for rinsing since it may prevent the infection from spreading.

Medication to Prevent the Infection from Spreading

In more serious cases, Antibiotics such as such as amoxicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline can prevent the infection from spreading further, especially where a professional cleaning is not done immediately.

Professional Cleaning

For relatively mild infections with little or no complications, a thorough cleaning of the gums is achieved after three successive sittings. In the first, superficial deposits of plaque are removed by using ultrasonic scalers. In the second and third, root planning and scaling are done.

In case there are complications present, the primary cleaning procedure may also involve removal of a gray substance covering the affected gums, using a cotton dipped in hydrogen peroxide.

Medicines such as penicillin or metronidazole may also be prescribed following the cleaning, along with instructions to rinse the mouth with a 3% diluted hydrogen peroxide once every 2 hours during the healing period. If the condition of the gums gradually recovers, ultrasonic scalers are used to remove superficial deposits in later visits, while over-the-counter pain relievers like lidocaine are recommended to minimize pain.

Surgery for Severe Infection

If a pocket or abscess develops deep in a tissue, reconstructive and corrective surgeries may be necessary to open up the area and remove the dead, infected tissues.

Follow-up Measures

Once the treatment is complete, the patient needs to maintain proper oral hygiene to avoid any recurrence. Here are a few things that are commonly recommended in the follow-up treatment:

• Daily brushing
• Flossing
• Using a proper antibacterial mouthwash regularly
• Drinking lots of water
• Avoiding food irritants like hot and spicy food
• Proper nutrition with sufficient vitamin B- and C-rich foods
• Exercise and yoga to avoid stress

Prognosis

The condition can be cured with proper treatment and oral measures, but if left untreated, it may spread to tongue, cheeks, lips, and even the jaw bone, requiring major surgeries. Such severe cases may also interfere with the normal lifestyle of the affected person on a long run.

How Long Does Trench Mouth last

In most cases, the recovery time necessary is no more than a few weeks, but it is rather painful till treated.

Trench Mouth ICD-9-CM Codes and ICD-10-CM Codes

The ICD-9-CM code of Trench Mouth is 101, and ICD-10-CM code is A69.1.

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Oral Lichen Planus Definition

It is a persistent medical condition which affects the mucous membranes of the mouth and gives rise to papules, bilateral white striations, plaques on the gingivae and tongue. These forms of Lichen Planus lesions are not transmittable and have a distinct clinical morphology.

Oral Lichen Planus Incidence

It is a T-cell-mediated seditious mucosal disorder representing hypersensitivity. Older adults and middle aged people above the age of 40 are more prone to the syndrome. The predilection of the disorder for females to males is 2:1.  In the US, 1-2% of the total population gets affected by this syndrome. It is a widespread non-infectious oral mucosal disease among adults who attend oral medicine and pathology centers on a regular basis.

Oral Lichen Planus Causes

The actual cause of the syndrome is still unknown. However, according to medical practitioners, this autoimmune disorder arises when the autocytotoxic CD8+ T cells activate the oral epithelial cells. The lesions experienced during such disorders arise due to the inflammation administered by the white blood cells, known as T-Lymphocytes. Generally, the cells are active at the site of the wound. According to medical research studies, however, a few other factors which may trigger the syndrome may include:

• Hepatitis B vaccine
• Allergy-causing agents (allergens), such as foods, dental materials or other substances
• Certain medications for heart disease, high blood pressure or arthritis
• Hepatitis C infection and other types of liver disease
• Certain types of flu vaccines
• Anti-inflammatory and non-steroidal drugs

Oral Lichen Planus Symptoms

OLP can be characterized on the basis of a few factors, including:

Appearance

This condition affects the mucous membrane inside the mouth of the patient and may manifest in the form of:

• Swollen, Red, tender patches of tissues
• White, lacy raised patches of tissues
• Open sores

Location

Lesion affecting the mucous membrane of the oral cavity appears on various sites, such as:

• Gums
• Inner lips tissues
• Esophagus
• Inner side of the cheeks
• Tongue
• Throat

Pain

Patients affected by such mouth disorders experience a sharp pain or burning sensation due to the open sores of oral lichen planus or the red lesions. The lacy white patches on the tongue arising due to the disorder are also responsible for the occurrence of the acute pain inside the mouth.

Other signs or symptoms

According to medical researchers, OLP can be identified by some additional signs and symptoms. These include:

• Dry mouth
• Sensitivity to hot and dry foods
• Dull or metallic taste in the tongue
• Difficulty in swallowing
• Irritation during tooth brushing, often leading to bleeding

Other forms of Lichen Planus

If a patient is suffering from OLP, he/she may be experience lichen planus lesions in different parts of the body. These include:

Genitals

Lesions on the exterior genitalia are similar to those occurring inside the mouth and affecting the mucous membrane of the vagina.

Nails

Lichen planus rarely affects the fingernails or the toenails. In a few cases, however, it causes splitting or thinning of the nails. This gives rise to permanent or temporary loss of nails.

Skin

The itchy lesions appear on the skin as purple flat bumps.

Scalp

Presence of skin lesions on the human scalp can give rise to short-term hair fall or even permanent loss of hair.

Oral Lichen Planus Diagnosis

Dermatologists conduct diagnosis of such disorders on the basis of the data and information related to the syndrome. Doctors carefully examine the abnormalities present in the mouth and conduct lab tests if required. Such tests may include:

Hepatitis C test

Hepatitis can often trigger OLP in the mouth of sufferers. Hence, nurses often conduct a simple lab test by drawing blood from patients to determine the Hepatitis C traces.

Biopsy

During such diagnostic procedures, doctors use small tissue samples of the lesions inside the mouth of the patient. With the help of a microscope, the tissue of the lesions is examined to find out the existence of the classic T lymphocytes pattern, common among OLP patients.

Allergy Tests

In rare cases, doctors often recommend the patients to dermatologists or allergy specialists to determine the existence of certain allergic factors which may trigger or give rise to OLP.

Oral Lichen Planus Differential Diagnoses

The differential diagnosis of OLP includes telling its warning signs apart from those of other diseases, such as:

• Oral Manifestations of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases
• Pemphigus Vulgaris
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma
• Dermatitis Herpetiformis
• Graft Versus Host Disease
• Linear IgA Dermatosis

Oral Lichen Planus Treatment

OCP is a complex chronic inflammatory disease. The treatment of OCP aims to heal the severe lesions and reduce the discomfort or pain. After examining the present condition of the patient, doctors prescribe the dosages, change medicines and even stop the treatment. Treatment is not required if OLP patients experience only white lacy lesions without any pain or discomfort. The curing procedure of OLP patients may include:

Retinoids

It is the synthetic form of vitamin A and can be used as a relevant ointment or consumed orally. These topical ointments do not cause any side effects although the mucous membrane of the mouth may be affected. Such oral and topical retinoids should not be used by pregnant women or those who are planning to have a child in future. This is because the drug can lead to permanent birth defects. Doctors often recommend necessary precautions before consuming such medications.

Corticosteroids

Such form of medication minimizes the inflammation which is related with OLP. The possible side effects of the syndrome depend on its usage. Such drug can be used as an ointment that can be applied on the mucous membrane directly. Other forms of its usage may include:

Oral

Using corticosteroids for prolonged period may cause diabetes, deteriorating of the bones, high cholesterol, high blood pressure and various other associated diseases.

Topical

Topical corticosteroids may cause oral thrush infection and reduce the effect of OLP treatment. Regular usage of the drug topically to cure OLP may also lessen the function of the adrenal glands.

Injections

Such medical treatment is generally administered into the lesions directly. Regular use of such injections can give rise to oral corticosteroids.

Nonsteroidal ointments

According to reports of medical survey of the last few years, topical medications such as calcineurin inhibitors have proved extremely effective in curbing the OLP syndrome. Such topical medications, which can cure the inflammation, are pimecrolimus (Elidel cream) and tacrolimus (Protopic ointment).

Lifestyle and home remedies

In addition to medical treatment, several self-care measures can be adapted to reduce the occurrence of the symptoms and prevent them from getting worse. Such procedures include:

Adjusting the diet

Reducing the intake of acidic and spicy food items can improve the symptoms of OLP.

Maintaining good oral hygiene

The mouth should be kept clean at all times in order to prevent the occurrence of the infection and minimize the symptoms. Teeth should be brushed twice and should be kept under regular check-ups.

Oral Lichen Planus Complications

OLP can give rise to a number of complications, including:

Esophageal problems

Lichen planus lesions in the esophagus may give rise to its contraction, making swallowing very difficult.

Cancer

OLP makes patients more prone to oral cancers such as squamous cell carcinoma.  In order to prevent the occurrence of such form of cancer, a number of preventive techniques should be followed. These include:

• Reducing the intake of alcohol
• Oral cancer screenings on a yearly basis
• Reducing the intake of any tobacco products

Oral Lichen Planus Risk Factors

A few factors can make the condition more complicated and worsen the warning signs. These include:

• Alcohol
• Poor-fitting dentures
• Dental plaque or tartar
• Tobacco products
• Bad dental work
• Poor oral habits like biting cheeks or lips
• Stress

Oral Lichen Planus Pictures

Take a look at these images to get an idea about the physical appearance of individuals affected by this condition.

Picture 1 – Oral Lichen Planus

Picture 2 – Oral Lichen Planus Image

Oral Lichen Planus is a hereditary disorder. If you experience sores inside your mouth, or have frequent bleeding sessions, consult your health care provider immediately. Do not neglect the disease, for it can lead to a number of other complications. Timely detection and treatment will help you recover from this condition faster and avoid its complications.

References:

http://see.visualdx.com/diagnosis/lichen_planus_oral

http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/1078327-treatment

http://www.bad.org.uk/site/1291/default.aspx

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3304232/

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Periapical Abscess Definition

It is a condition marked by accumulation of pus in the centre of a tooth, caused by a localized bacterial infection. In this case, the tip of an infected root develops and encloses pus resulting in a dull and throbbing pain that makes it quite impossible for patients to eat.

The condition is also referred to by many other names like tooth abscess and dental abscess.

Types of Periapical Abscess

There are two main classifications for this disorder:

Picture 1 – Periapical abscess

Acute Periapical Abscess

This condition results from an acute periapical periodontitis. It cannot easily be distinguished during its early states but the through radiographic tools, dentists can identify if the condition has worsened and has developed into acute periapical abscess.

Chronic Periapical Abscess

This condition may be painless in comparison to the swelling and fever symptoms exhibited by acute Periapical abscess. The individual may not even be aware of its presence as it continues to develop inside the jawbone. Nevertheless, the area of infection may already be housed by a fibrous sac that forms a granuloma containing non-infectious sterile tissue. Although this is not pus, it is still important for dentists to learn about this condition because of the brain complications it may produce. The brain and mouth are very close to one another. It would not be difficult for bacteria to infect it and cause abnormalities to an individual.

Periapical Abscess Symptoms

Know about the main symptoms of this disease:

• Widened periodontal ligament space
• Soft tissue swelling on the adjacent teeth can be seen
• Extremely tender tooth
• Gnawing and continuous dental pain, especially when the affected tooth is tapped
• Difficulties in closing teeth, due to the pain and discomfort experienced during its contact with another teeth
• Increased pain in tooth, while consuming hot foods
• Sensation of having a longer tooth in comparison with other teeth
• Gumboil
• Localized swelling
• Gingival fistulas
• Halitosis
• Enlarged local lymph nodes
• Bitter taste in the mouth, especially after draining procedure

These signs are quite evident in acute types of the condition. However, the above mentioned list may not include all the problems experienced by chronic sufferers. Moreover, there are some reported cases wherein the alveolar bone gets affected by the condition causing inflammation to spread even to the surrounding facial tissues. This may reveal an inflammation even in the facial area.

If you are experiencing one or more of the aforementioned symptoms, get in touch with a dentist at the earliest. You may have a high risk of suffering from Periapical abscess.

Periapical Abscess Causes

The main cause of this disorder is poor dental hygiene, resulting in an untreated dental decay. Other causes include:

Failed root canal treatment

An unsuccessful treatment of the root canal results in a breakdown of the bone surrounding the root of the tooth. This fosters the development of an abscess or a cavity loaded with pus.

Injuries to the affected tooth

If the tooth experiences trauma, it may be left with an infected dental nerve or dead pulp. This may lead to a breakdown of the bone and complete insufficiency of the primary function of the tooth.

Dental caries

Dental caries destroys the enamel and the dentin. When this happens, the bacteria have easier access to reach the pulp of the tooth. Once it has gained access to the mouth, the pulp can be infected and destroyed by these microorganisms.

Periodontitis

This is another relative factor for the condition. At times, gum damage not caused by the disorder may also be seen as one of its major causes.

Periapical Abscess Diagnosis

Before treatment is applied on the tooth, dentists will conduct a thorough oral examination of the infected tooth. If blood or pus is seen oozing from the pulpal exposure and large carious lesions are also displayed then the dentist will recommend an emergency treatment plan.

Periapical Abscess Treatment

The curative process for this dental ailment involves:

• Drying the cavity from the fluid using cotton pellets
• Maintaining its dryness by slightly moistening the cotton pellets and packing the cavity with eugenol
• Carefully removing loose debris from the cavity
• Stuffing the cavity with temporary materials for filling
• Re-evaluating the occlusion
• Re-evaluation of emergency treatment for the teeth

Many patients have reported about relief the moment pus is drained out of their tooth. This is probably due to the easing of pressure put on the tooth by the accumulated pus.

Some of the common treatment options used for this dental disorder include:

Root canal treatment

Root canal therapy is often conducted to save affected tooth. It requires removing diseases tissues from the center of the mouth, such as the decayed portions of the tooth, the nerve, and the vascular tissue or the pulp. After this, it is filled with gutta percha and covered with filling or crown. This is a popular way of saving a tooth from possible extraction. It is regarded as a very effective way of treating Periapical abscess.

Picture 2 – Periapical abscess Image

Tooth Extraction

In cases where the pulp is extremely damaged by the pus, extraction is regarded as the only remedy. This is done when the jaw itself is badly damaged and even root canal procedure will not do it good. This is the last option dentists recommend and is not to be considered as an alternative for Root Canal Therapy. The only way you can gain a tooth back using this approach is to request for a bridge or an implant. However, this very expensive procedure is not open to all patients. Furthermore, dentists wish to preserve the natural teeth of their clients and use extraction only when other curative options fail to bring about an improvement in the condition.

Tooth Scaling and Root Planning

The aim of tooth planning is to avoid occurrence of the same condition. Since it often involves damage to the gum brought by Periodontitis, Periodontal surgery may be conducted to lessen the risk of experiencing the same pain and discomfort in your other teeth in the future.

As periapical abscess treatment can be quite expensive, several dental offices are offering financial assistance to their patients these days. Patients are put in a more comfortable position if they purchase dental insurance. If this is not available it is best to discuss alternative financial plans with dentists.

Periapical Abscess Home Remedies

Mothers may try giving their children oil of cloves that has Eugenol. Place it on the infected tooth and it will give your kids a short-term relief. However, it is essential to follow this up with a visit to the dentist for a more effective treatment.

How to Prevent Periapical Abscess Complications?

Since the condition has been found to affect other tooth and the brain functions, the following remedies are highly recommended to prevent occurrence of unwanted discomforts.

Saltwater Rinse

This may be considered a traditional way of getting rid of bacteria in the mouth, but is still one of the cheapest ways to disinfect the mouth from possible infection. Rinse the mouth with warm saltwater solution to help maintain the cleanliness of the mouth, encourage draining, and relieve it of the pain. It may be done several times in a day to help relieve the patient of the pain.

Ice Pack Treatment

Instead of placing unnecessary ointment on the gum, and triggering possible complications, mothers may simply apply ice pack outside the cheek of their children to help reduce facial inflammation. If this is unbearable, medical attention must be sought immediately from dentists.

Medication

Expect medications from your dentist after dental treatment is applied on your tooth. Follow the prescription accordingly even if you do not experience any pain. This will safeguard you against possible complications and infection in the future. Medicines are to be consumed in a few days. However, if there is re-emergence of pain it is better to call a good dentist for immediate action.

Follow-up X-rays

After treatment, patients need to return after six months so the condition of the gum and the bones can be re-evaluated. A re-evaluation confirms whether the bone and the tissues have positively regenerated without complications. If required, endodontic treatment may be deemed as necessary and performed once again.

If you or any of your family members is experiencing a constant, throbbing toothache you must get in touch with your dentist. Teeth are one of the greatest assets of the body and a timely treatment will help prevent development of complications in it.

References:

http://medical.tpub.com/14274/css/14274_99.htm

http://www.fpnotebook.com/den/teeth/prpclabscs.htm

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0002055/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periapical_abscess

The post Periapical abscess appeared first on Prime Health Channel.

Cracked tooth syndrome Definition

It is a condition characterized by the development of small cracks on teeth, which are too minute to be detected by X-rays. In some cases, the cracks remain hidden under the gums. Technically, this dental disorder is defined as a plain fracture of unknown depth and apparently unnoticeable direction.

There are two classic patterns of this ailment, as observed by researchers. The first one reveals a crack at the center that reaches the dental tubules of the teeth and may even extend up to the pulp. The second crack displays a peripheral orientation resulting in a cuspal fracture. This eventually leads to applied pressure on the crown causing separation of the tooth components near the line of the crack. This soon brings fluids towards the dentinal tubules that stimulate the odontoblast of the pulp and causes it to stretch and rupture.

Types of Cracked Tooth Syndrome

The disease is classified into four types based on etiology. These are as follows:

• Restorative
• Occlusal
• Developmental
• Miscellaneous

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Causes

Know about the causes of the various types of this dental ailment.

Picture 1 – Cracked Tooth Syndrome

Restorative

Factors that may result in this type of dental problem include:

• Deep cusp-fossa relationship
• Over-preparation of the cavities
• Insufficient protection of the outlay or inlay design
• Tensile stress on the cavity walls

Occlusal

It is triggered by any of the factors listed below:

• Masticatory accidents, such as excessive biting or use of excessive force on a piece of bone
• Functional forces, like cyclic and large untreated carious lesions on the teeth
• Parafunction conditions, like Bruxism or grinding of teeth
• Damaging horizontal forces, such as interferences and eccentric contact on the mandibular second molars of the teeth

Developmental

This is seen in unrestored teeth and is caused by incomplete fusion of the teeth areas of calcification.

Miscellaneous

Three factors result in this type of the syndrome, namely:

• Cracks in enamel brought about by thermal cycling
• Lingual barbell brought about by foreign body
• Cracks and crazes (visible cracks in the enamel of the teeth) brought about by high-speed hand pieces used in dental offices during treatment

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Symptoms

The teeth are prone to many injuries and diseases that results in unbearable pain for many. Cracked tooth syndrome may be characterized by a damage (such as a slight crack) observed at the vital posterior of the tooth that affects the dentine up to the pulp. These are more commonly found in the lower back teeth, also known as the molars, probably due to the stress endured during the grinding process. The crack reveals a mesiodistal orientation in the mandibular second molars, the maxillary molars, and the mandibular first molars, which are the most commonly affected teeth. However, there are certain instances wherein a buccolingual orientation may also occur.

The common symptoms of this condition maybe one or more of the following:

• Pain, experienced after exposure to cold air or while chewing
• Spontaneous pain, especially with sweet substances penetrating the cracks of the tooth
• Apparent absence of any spot of dental decay on the tooth
• Non-revelation of problem even after use of x-ray application
• Easy recognition of crack when tooth is prepared for restoration

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Diagnosis

It is difficult, at times even for the patient, to identify a tooth suffering from this condition. However, certain diagnostic methods are quite useful in detecting this disorder. These include:

The Bite Test

This procedure requires the patient to bite on several items like cotton roll, toothpick, wooden stick, burlew wheel, or commercially available Tooth Slooth. Dentists identify the damaged tooth due to the increased pain experienced by a patient while applying pressure on the item during the bite.

Visual Inspection

The technique is conducted by a dentist after the Bite Test. It may involve using a magnifying loupes or specific techniques such as transillumination and dye staining (using methylene blue) to easily identify cracks on the teeth. The process should be conducted by experiences dentists who have the ability to easily spot this condition on the teeth. This is because caries and food may also lead to stains on the teeth making it very difficult to notice the cracks.

The tooth may be assessed further depending on the orientation and size of the cracks on it. Small peripheral cracks may be treated by removing a compromised portion of the damaged tooth and restoring it through composite, pinned amalgam or a sturdy cast restoration. However, large central cracks may require changing treatment options for the disorder.

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Treatment

The treatment of large central cracks varies depending on the condition of the pulp. The list below will guide you on the appropriate treatment option that can be used in case there is:

No Pulpal Involvement

It involves stabilizing the tooth with an orthodontic band or an acrylic crown. Necessary occlusal adjustment is to be made so as to accomplish permanent stabilization and cuspal protection of the tooth. Patients are then provided with the choice of bonded restoration or cast metal restoration. They are given the choice of composite bonded amalgam or full gold crown and gold onlay.

Picture 2 – Cracked Tooth Syndrome Image

Pulpal Involvement

If pulpal involvement is identified at a minimal level the same procedure as mentioned above will be used for its treatment. However, an additional pulpa extirpation has to be performed after the stabilization of the tooth using an orthodontic band. The process is conducted to help monitor and complete the endodontic treatment. Afterwards, patients are given the choice of the manner of proceeding with the tooth restoration procedure.

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Prognosis

In case dentists observe a large central crack and notice extensive damage to the crown, the root and the alveolar bone, extraction is considered to be the only treatment option. It can help prevent infections in the affected teeth or complications in other teeth. However, it is best for patients to ask dentists for any alternative curative options other than extraction and consider its consequences accordingly. Generally, dentists assist patients and guide them on using artificial tooth replacement for their convenience.

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Risk Factors

This is a typical condition experienced by patients in the 30 to 50 year age bracket. It is not isolated to a particular gender but affects both male and female equally.

Cracked Tooth Syndrome Prevention

The condition can be avoided by practicing various preventive measures, such as:

Consulting a dentist

If you are suffering from teeth grinding, immediately seek the assistance of your dentist. Teeth grinding puts the surface of the teeth under too much pressure, causing it to break. A dentist who is experienced in handling the condition can avoid occurrence of such problems.

Avoiding extreme temperatures

Avoid eating extremely hot and extremely cold foods. Extremes of temperatures in the mouth may cause your teeth to become brittle. Be cautious of the food that you eat and refrain from using your molars excessively.

Use mouth guards

Athletic individuals are recommended to use mouth guards to safeguard their teeth in case the mouth receives an accidental blow during sports activities.

Patients should get in touch with a good dentist as soon as they experience any abnormal pain in their gums and teeth. It is best to have the condition diagnosed to avail necessary treatment at the earliest. This will help save the teeth and eliminate hopeless diagnosis of Cracked Tooth Syndrome.

References:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cracked_tooth_syndrome

http://users.forthnet.gr/ath/abyss/Cracked-Tooth-Syndrome.htm

http://doctorspiller.com/Cracked_Teeth.htm

http://www.dentistry.com/conditions/teeth-problems/boomers-bruxers-and-cracked-tooth-syndrome

The post Cracked Tooth Syndrome appeared first on Prime Health Channel.

Pulpitis Definition

It is a disorder wherein the tooth pulp suffers an inflammation, exerting pressure over the pulp chamber that affects the nerve and other connective tissues of the tooth. It is characterized by mild to extreme pain that makes an affected person experience discomfort and even suffer from weight loss.

Types of Pulpitis

This disorder is classified into two major types:

Picture 1 – Pulpitis

Reversible Pulpitis

This type of pulpitis is more appropriately considered in the general sense, since it is the representation of a wider range of responses like dentin hypersensitivity. It is further categorized as acute pulpitis or chronic pulpitis depending on the occurrence of the pain experienced by the patient.

Irreversible Pulpitis

This condition is worse than the reversible pulpitis. It is a condition wherein the pulp finds it impossible to recover.

Other types of this condition, less commonly experienced, include:

• Chronic pulpitis – It is further divided into two subtypes, namely Purulent Acute Pulpitis and Gangrenous Acute Pulpitis.
• Purulent acute pulpitis – It is distinguished by a completely inflamed pulp which is very painful especially when the individual lies down to rest.
• Gangrenous acute pulpitis – It is a less painful form of pulpitis but this can eventually lead to granuloma formulation, a form of hard and pale pad abscesses.
• Hyperplastic pulpitis – It is the type of pulpitis that grows from and exposed pulp chamber as produced by a grossly decayed tooth. It is also synonymous to a pulp polyp or tooth polyp.

Pulpitis Symptoms

The symptoms of this condition tend to vary based on the type that an individual is suffering from.

Reversible Pulpitis Symptoms

This form of the disease easily responds to irritants and is characterized by transient pain and sensitivity as a result of stimuli, which ranges from sweets, hot and cold food and beverages to sudden touch of a hand.  However, the pulp can be preserved and made to function once the irritant has been removed.

To put briefly, some of the major symptoms of this type of the disease are:

• Sharp pain, which only lasts for a moment
• Asymptomatic Reversible Pulpitis, that is resolved through tooth restoration

Once the cause or the stimulus has been removed, the intensity of the painful symptoms can be minimized.

Irreversible Pulpitis Symptoms

Its classic signs and symptoms include:

• Rapid onset of pain, every time you eat cold or hot foods, sweet foods
• Blood vessel congestion, resulting from pressure caused by grinding or force exerted by the tongue
• Spontaneous pain, without identification of the particular cause
• Sharp throbbing pain
• Increase in intensity of pain (whenever patients lie down or bend over)

Pulpitis Causes

An individual may suffer from this disorder due to a number of factors, such as:

• Dental Caries, which penetrates deep into the enamel
• Inflammation
• Thermal irritation, caused by numerous dental procedures
• Tooth trauma, due to the treatment of clenching, grinding or tooth injury
• Tooth restoration, which needs to replace large sections of the natural structure of the tooth

Bacterial infection is another reason behind this condition, caused by repetitive trauma or Periodontitis. This happens as the pulp chamber is no longer protected from the environment outside the oral cavity.

To easily distinguish Reversible Pulpitis, you may consider the following causes that triggers the pain experienced by the individual.

• Trauma – Improper occlusal relationship and blow to the damaged portion of the tooth results to reversible pulpitis.
• Thermal Shock – As in case of those with irreversible pulpitis symptoms, individuals who suffer from reversible pulpitis experience thermal shock when exposed to overheating of the exposed pulp.
• Chemical Stimulus – Food characterized by sweet and sour food stuff that produces chemical stimulus resulting to increased pain.
• Caries – Infection due to bacteria is one of the classified reasons for this kind of Pulpitis.
• Dehydration, due to alcohol consumption or chloroform.
• Use of amalgam restoration due to gold restoration.

Pulpitis Treatment

Read on to know about the treatment for the two types of this condition.

Picture 2 – Pulpitis Image

Reversible Pulpitis Treatment

This form is usually diagnosed by the amount of pain that a patient experiences. A person suffering from this type experiences pain in varying degrees. It will only last for a brief duration due to some irritant, which once appropriately discarded also leads to diminishing of the pain.

Some of the common diagnostic methods used for treatment of this condition involve:

Percussion

The tooth often fails to register any response when subjected to Percussion.

Vitality Tests

The tooth often responds to cold stimulants.

Visual

The visual showcases caries after utility of the probe equipment and possible fracture on the tooth.

Radiograph

It is noticed that the periapical tissues remain normal but reveals depth of caries and cavity penetration.

Irreversible Pulpitis Treatment

The normal Pulpitis treatment for this condition is to remove the decay and place it with filling so the pulp can return to its normal and healthy state.

Pulpitis Diagnosis

Once you experience Pulpitis symptoms, it is best not to self medicate. Your dentist needs to identify the type of test that is appropriate for detecting your condition. Some of the tests include evaluation of the pain experienced by the patient as the pain increases after the application of heat or cold compress. The tooth may also be tapped in various areas to test the sensitivity of pain of the area. If you go and visit a state-of –the-art dental clinic, you may be subjected to an electric pulp test. This will help in a more accurate evaluation of the condition of the pulp. It is important to identify if there is still a chance for the pulp to be saved because the severity of the damage plays an important role in finding the best form of treatment for the disorder.

Some of the main diagnostic techniques, mainly used for detection of Irreversible Pulpitis, involve:

Visual Diagnosis

This is done through direct vision of the deep cavity that involves the pulp. At times, a probe may be used to see the deeper portions of the pulp. However, do not expect this type of excellent facilities in all dental clinics. Choose dental clinics that are up-to-date with the latest dental technique and equipment because it will increase your chance of saving your entire tooth rather than it resulting to tooth extraction.

Radiograph

This is a great way to have a vision of the section of the pulp. It reveals the caries found under the filling together with a view of the deep cavity displaying widening of the periodontal ligament.

Percussion

This reveals and increased pulpal cavity that further exacerbates due to intrapulpal pressure creating tenderness on the percussion of the damaged tooth.

Vitality Tests

This is done through the stimulation of various types of heat on the damaged tooth. It is confirmed to be a case of Pulpitis when cold application helps relieve it of the pain while heat produces an opposite reaction.

Pulpitis Prevention

If you do not wish to experience the suffering brought by the disorder, then you have to be very diligent with your oral health. Follow the hygienic measures recommended by your dentist by brushing your teeth at a minimum of twice in a day or at best every after each meal. It also helps for you include flossing and using water pick or mouth rinse that is free from fluoride to get rid of most of the remaining bacteria. Make it a habit to visit your dentist regularly. Read latest news about oral health and educate yourself about the best preventive measures for this condition.

Some of the primary measures to prevent the disease include:

Toothbrush replacement

It is best to use short handles in choosing your type of toothbrush and it should be replaced every two months.  This will maintain the quality of the toothbrush that and its cleaning capacity.

Dental Floss

Choose an unwaxed dental floss especially if you already have tooth fillings, but a spongy type of dental floss is more appropriate for children.

Mouthwash

Find a mouthwash with an anti-plaque agent because it has more substances that can kill bacteria. This potent liquid will lower your risk of suffering from Pulpitis.

If you are experiencing even minor pain in your teeth, get in touch with a doctor at the earliest. It is important to diagnose and treat Pulpitis before it deteriorates into its irreversible form. A timely treatment will help you avoid cases of Irreversible Pulpitis, which have no cure as yet.

References:

http://painresourcecenter.com/en_int_bb_pulpitis.asp

http://www.merckmanuals.com/professional/dental_disorders/common_dental_disorders/pulpitis.html

http://www.yalemedicalgroup.org/stw/Page.asp?PageID=STW026285

http://medical.tpub.com/14274/css/14274_98.htm

The post Pulpitis appeared first on Prime Health Channel.

Dental Fluorosis Definition

Dental fluorosis is a condition characterized by noticeable white spots on the tooth enamel that later on develop into severe pits and stains. It is typical among children who consume too much fluoride, either directly or indirectly, while brushing or drinking water. Although it is mainly regarded as a children’s condition, Dental fluorosis has also been reported in adults.

Dental Fluorosis Risk Factors

Children age 8 years and younger are the common victims of dental flourosis. This normally happens while their permanent teeth are beginning to develop under their gums. However, this no longer remains a problem once permanent teeth erupt through the gums and get exposed. This is because the immunity level of the mouth also increases along with the sprouting of teeth.

Presently, studies about Dental fluorosis in adults are being conducted. Although most adults are said to be non-susceptible to this dental condition, a few complain of having similar conditions and discomforts.

Dental Fluorosis Symptoms

Some of the most common signs and symptoms of the condition observed on the teeth of patients include:

Picture 1 – Dental fluorosis

• Scattered white flecks
• Frosty edges
• Fine-chalk lines
• Lacy chalk-like lines
• White spots (occasional)

These are serious symptoms that should not be disregarded by patients or their family members. If your child begins to exhibit one or more of the aforementioned signs, do not wait for more serious symptoms such as larger white spots or rough pitted teeth surfaces. Seek the advice of your dentist and inquire about the most effective treatment strategy for your child.

Dental Fluorosis Causes

Although fluoride is believed to be necessary for the growth of bones and teeth, it is regarded as the primary cause of this disorder. If consumed in excessive amount, this salt can be highly damaging for the body. This is especially true for children who do not have a strong enough immune system to combat effects of high amounts of fluoride on the body. Therefore, it is necessary for parents and guardians to be aware of the appropriate amount of fluoride that can be used by children. Fluoride is a non-biodegradable element and cannot be digested. Dental fluorosis arises as a natural response of the body whenever the salt enters into your system.

Fluoride is beneficial only when it is taken in proper amount. In recent years, it has been revealed that fluoride in large dosages causes tooth and bone decay. There are dangers in using excessive amounts of this salt and the dental community is doing its best to make a campaign for everyone to be aware of this matter.

The following are the major sources of fluoride intake among children and adults who suffer from Dental fluorosis.

• Toothpaste
• Drinking water with fluorine
• Beverages with fluoridated water
• Processed food using fluoridated water
• Dietary prescriptions in the form of tablets or drops with fluoride content
• Professional dental products like foams, mouth rinses, and gel

It is best to refrain from using these products and reading the labels of items you buy. If you find any of these products containing fluoride, it is better for you not to purchase it, especially if it is going to be used by your children.

Dental Fluorosis and Fluoridated Water

In the United States and other countries, fluorine is used as the main chemical to sanitize the drinking water people use. It is still considered safe as long as government maintains the amount of fluorine used in their water system. The tolerable amount of fluoride intake varies on the age group. To learn more, here is a comparative guide that will be of assistance:

• Infants from 0 to six months are allowed a tolerable intake of only 0.01 to 0.7 mg/day
• Infants from 7 to 12 months are allowed a tolerable intake of 0.5 to 0.9 mg/day
• Children ages 1 to 3 are allowed a tolerable intake of 0.7 to 1.3 mg/day
• Children ages 4 to 8 years are allowed a tolerable intake of 1.0 to 2.2 mg/day
• Children ages 9 to 13 are allowed a tolerable intake of 2.0 to 10 mg/day
• Boys ages 14 to 18 are allowed a tolerable intake of 3.0 to 10 mg/day
• Girls ages 14 to 18 are allowed a tolerable intake of 3.0 to 10 mg/day
• Male ages 19 and above are allowed a tolerable intake of 4.0 to 10 mg/day
• Female ages 19 and above are allowed a tolerable intake of 3.0 to 10 mg/day

Be mindful of these fluoride limitations and remember to purchase water that does not contain fluorine if possible. It may cost you more, but it is the best way not to suffer from fluorine complications, including dental fluorosis in adults and children.

What Level of Fluoride Causes Dental Fluorosis?

Those who use fluoride tablets in hope that it will add to the cleanliness of the water they drink are not recommended to do so if the fluoride concentration of their water is already 0.7 mg/L or higher. To be sure, you can inquire with your public water system for information. However, as a tip it is important to note that water and processed beverages sold in the US are most likely to cover the maximum amount of fluorine tolerated by the body. Limit your use of fluorine by purchasing products that do not contain this in their ingredients. It may be quite uncomfortable at the beginning, but you will soon get accustom to it and it will bring a healthy body for your entire family.

Dental Fluorosis Treatment

If a child or an adult in your family is showing symptoms of this disorder, consult your dentist. Generally, medical practitioners recommend treatment options like:

Abrasion

It involves rubbing off the outer layer of the enamel with sandpaper. This is commonly done for mild cases of the disorder. It is never performed in severe cases due to the possibility of exposing more porous layer of the enamel.

Composite Bonding

It is perfect for curing the condition in adults. It requires roughening the area where the damaged enamel lie and creating a composite resin that matches the hue of the enamel to produce a natural color. This is glued to the exterior tooth for a more beautiful smile.

Porcelain or Veneer Laminate

Quite similar to Composite Bonding, this curative option utilizes a ceramic shell over the surface of the damaged tooth. Although more expensive than composite bonding, it allows patients to chew food with greater ease and confidence.

Dental Fluorosis Pictures

Here are some pictures of teeth affected by Dental fluorosis that will help you compare with those of your child, if you suspect he/she is having the condition. Take a look at these images to find out whether this disease is the reason behind the unpleasant appearance of the teeth of your kid.

Picture 2 – Dental fluorosis Image

Picture 3 – Dental fluorosis Photo

Dental Fluorosis Prevention

As per medical practitioners and dental experts, certain measures can be successful in preventing the condition. These include:

Avoiding fluoride-based mouthwash

Never allow your children to use mouth rinse with fluoride. Reserve it with individuals who have higher risk of suffering from tooth decay, but never for yourself and your family. If you insist in using one then you should ask your physician or dentist with the best mouth rinse to use.

Use an alternative drinking water

As already said, intake of too much fluorine is the main of Dental fluorosis. Look for drinking water with the lowest fluorine content, particularly if you have children in your family.

Use a non- fluoride based toothpaste

Buy a toothpaste brand that does not contain fluoride, to minimize risk of getting this disorder. Remind your kids to gargle their mouth with water to avoid fluorine residues to be absorbed by the body.

Use fluoride supplements

If you need to provide fluoride supplements to individuals, prescribe lozenges or chewable tables to further maximize the topical effects of fluoride into the system. It should be consistent with the prescribed schedule of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs.

Label bottled waters

When purchasing bottled waters and placing it in your refrigerator, label it accordingly so you can easily identify the beverage that is tolerable to your kids.

Be well informed and acquire more information about Dental fluorosis from the internet.

Consider all of these recommendations and be mindful of the dental hygiene of your children. Any sign of abnormality on the surface of the teeth has to be addressed at the earliest by your dentist or physician.

References:

http://www.smileforlife.com/dental-fluorosis.html

http://poisonfluoride.com/pfpc/html/dental_fluorosis.html

http://www.fluoridealert.org/dental-fluorosis.htm

http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/diseases/fluorosis/en/

The post Dental fluorosis appeared first on Prime Health Channel.

What is Angular cheilitis?

Picture 1 – Angular cheilitis

It is an inflammatory condition that leads to the development of swollen bumps and painful cracks at the corners of the mouth. The lesions are usually painless in nature.

The condition is known by various other names like:

• Perlèche
• Cheilosis
• Angular stomatitis

Angular cheilitis Symptoms

The condition is initially characterized by the formation of deep cracks or slits at one or both corners of the mouth. If is often found to be bilateral in nature. In acute cases, there may be some bleeding from the splits. This usually occurs when the mouth is opened. The skin of the lip thickens due to this disorder and the red junction of the skin and the lip suffers a whitish discoloration. The condition also causes redness and formation of crusts or shallow ulcers. Scales may also develop on the lips. Affected individuals commonly suffer from itchiness around the crusts which eventually form into scabs.

In later stages, the lesions may release pus. Patients of this disorder generally experience pain during activities that involve the mouth, such as talking, eating or even smiling. The condition may also give rise to Sclerosis, a disorder that involves pathological thickening or hardening of tissues.

What Causes Angular cheilitis?

The exact cause of this condition is not known yet. However, doctors and medical researchers have outlined several possible causes for the syndrome. These causes do not have a gender-preference and can arise in both men and women. The possible causes include:

Nutritional deficiency

Deficiency of iron, zinc or riboflavin can increase susceptibility to this disease.

Infections

Fungal infections are considered to be a major cause for this disorder, although bacterial infections are also held responsible. If one of the cracks becomes deeper, it can be a site for growth of bacteria or fungus thus worsening the problem. Candida albicans or thrush may begin to develop in the splits, thus resulting in multifarious problems.

Malnutrition

The disorder can also indicate that the patient is suffering from any disorder caused by malnutrition, such as anorexia nervosa or bulimia nervosa.

Vomiting

Persistent vomiting for a long period makes a patient open and close mouth at irregular intervals. The contents of the stomach that are ejected are also half-digested. This can make the corners of the mouth damp and make them prone to infection.

Loss of teeth

The condition may also arise due to loss of teeth, which is common in elderly people. Lack of support offered to the mouth by the teeth makes individuals suffer from over-closure of mouth. This can give rise to cheilosis in elderly people.

Poorly-fitting dentures

Poorly-fitting dentures can also lead to Angular cheilitis in older people. If dentures do not fit accurately, it can result in an accumulation of saliva in the corners of the mouth. This can create a perfect environment for the development of the disorder. Elderly people also bite excessively to make their dentures fit in. This can also increase the quanity of saliva.

Some other possible causes of Angular cheilitis include:

• Dry, cracked lips due to cold weather
• Certain medications, which dry the skin
• Excessive Vitamin A in the bloodstream
• Hereditary predisposition, such as in Down’s Syndrome patients
• Protein-calorie malnutrition
• Prolonged exposure to the sun and winds
• Frequent opening and closing of mouth
• Frequent wiping of the mouth
• Constantly biting the lips (more frequent in children)
• Use of products (like certain lipsticks or toothpastes) that are incompatible for the body

Angular cheilitis Diagnosis

The disorder is primarily diagnosed by a thorough observation of the physical symptoms. Doctors check whether there are cracks in the corner of the mouth. Other symptoms, such as lesions, redness, inflammation and tenderness are also observed. Patients are asked whether they are experiencing any painful symptoms.

In older people, doctors may analyze whether loss of teeth or ill-fitting dentures are a cause of the condition. In both young and old patients, blood tests and other examinations may be conducted to determine whether a deficiency of vitamin or other minerals is the underlying cause.

Angular cheilitis Treatment

The treatment of this condition is based on its underlying cause. The treatment option depends on the type of the underlying cause and severity of the symptoms. The treatment options include:

Non-invasive treatment

This involves use of medicines. 5-fluoroucil and Imioquimod are two of the most effective medications for minor cases of this disorder. 5-fluoroucil blocks DNA synthesis and makes the disease resolve completely. However, it takes anywhere from 15-30 days to show results and also gives rise to some initial side-effects like burning, redness and eroding of lesions. Imioquimod stimulates an immune response in the skin. This results in an erosion and death of the epidermal growth and subsidence of the rash on lips. It also helps avoid any recurrence of the blisters. In mild cases, over-the-counter medications such as Vitamin E oil, lip balms and topical antifungal drugs like Clotrimazole, Econazole or Nystatin may be enough to cure the problem. Lotions and creams should be avoided as these add a lot of moisture and can compound the problems caused by the condition. It must be remembered that the disease itself results from a damp environment that is likely to breed bacteria and fungus. Antibiotics, fungicides and topical medications help alleviate the symptoms, though only for a short time. It is important to address the underlying cause to help long-term cure of the disease and also prevent recurrence of its symptoms.

Invasive treatment

It is needed in more severe cases that do not respond enough to medications. Invasive cure involves procedures like electrosurgery and cryosurgery. Electrosurgery requires local anesthesia and involves use of electrical devices for the removal of the lesions. Cryosurgery requires spraying liquid nitrogen on the lesions to destroy the underlying tissues. The process is highly effective for Actinic cheilitis but can cause some pain, especially if used for treating the entire lip. Both these invasive techniques can damage surrounding tissues, retard healing rate and cause formation of scars.

Actinic cheilitis Home Remedies

Know about some home remedies for this condition.

Dietary changes

Add green leafy vegetables, legumes, carrot, tomatoes, spinach and other nutritious foods into your diet. This will help restore the level of vitamins and other minerals in your body. A lack of these substances can make you susceptible to bacterial and fungal infections, which is considered to be a major cause for this condition.

Vitamin E capsules

Buy a few Vitamin E capsules and draw out its contents with a sterilized needle. Squeeze vitamin E into your lesions to ensure quick healing.

Vitamin B supplements

Angular cheilitis often results from a deficiency of Vitamin B. Consuming supplements for vitamin B-12 (Cyanocobalamin), vitamin B-6 (Pyridoxine), vitamin B-2 (Riboflavin) or vitamin B-3 (Niacin) can help you recover quickly. This of course, can be useful only if you have a deficiency of Vitamin B.

Water

Drink at least eight glasses of water every day. This will ensure that your body stays hydrated. You can use a straw to drink water so that the affected area stays dry.

You may also apply honey or aloe vera onto the area. These work as powerful natural remedies for the condition.

Angular cheilitis Prevention

It is important to prevent this condition. Unless the underlying causes are addressed, the discomforting symptoms are quite likely to recur after some time. This can be done by:

• Improving oral hygiene
• Adding enough iron, vitamins and essential minerals into the diet
• Wearing dentures that fit properly
• Giving up the habit of biting lips
• Using substitutes for skin care products (which may lead to the problem)
• Using gels and/or balms on lips to prevent them from drying
• Avoiding syndromes arising from malnutrition
• Attempting to prevent outbreak of infections

Is Angular Cheilitis Contagious?

This is not a contagious condition. However, it is mistaken as one due to the reason that cold sores, syphilis and AIDS often make themselves apparent in the same way.

Angular Cheilitis and HIV

Angular Cheilitis may also develop due to an immune system weakened by HIV. The disorder usually arises in the initial stages of HIV infection. Many HIV patients with this disease also exhibit an associated Xerostomia. In HIV negative individuals, the disorder is usually associated to patients who overclose. It is also related to a loss of the vertical dimension.

Angular Cheilitis Creams

Cracked mouth corners, one of the most primary symptoms of Angular Cheilitis, is primarly cured by 1% hydro-cortisone cream. In some cases, however, physicians may prescribe antifungal creams like Mycostatin-ll. Mycolog-II is another most widely prescribed creams for the condition. It is a combination of a steroid (Triamcinolone acetonide) and a powerful antifungal (Nystatin). Nystatin destroys the fungus while Triamcinolone acetonide helps alleviate the symptoms of Angular Cheilitis. However, the steroids contained in the cream can produce some side effects on entering the body. If you apply the cream near the mouth, ensure that it does not come in contact with the food that you eat.

Angular Cheilitis Natural Treatment

Know about some of the best natural remedies for Angular Cheilitis:

Baking soda

Put a pinch of baking soda over the affected spots. Baking soda (Sodium Bicarbonate) has been reported to yield great results for lesions on the mouth.

Cow’s Milk

If you are not allergic to milk, this can be an effective remedy for you. Cow’s milk contains certain enzymes that help destroy bacteria. Consuming milk daily can help you make a fast recovery if the condition results from an infection.

Neem leaf

Neem leaves work as a powerful cure for a number of ailments. Apply powdered neem leaves on the affected spot. This will help cure the region naturally.

Cucumber

Cucumber has a smooth, cooling effect. Cut a piece of cucumber into small slices and gently rub these on the lips and other affected spots. The coolness of this vegetable reduces pain and irritation.

Butter

Rub unsalted butter or cocoa butter into the region. Applying it over cracked or scaled lips can accelerate the healing process.

Angular cheilitis and Scars

Unless treated in time, the condition may leave red spots or scars on the face of patients. This can be prevented by the use of proper medications, which include creams and gels. If the condition results from an infection, doctors can prescribe Terrasil. This is a very effective healing gel that cures infection and relieves swelling. It promotes flow of blood to repair cracked skin regions very quickly. This prevents development of scars.

It is important to take care of these lesions in the very early stages. The more the lesions persist, the higher is the chance of scar formation in the affected skin spots. The scars may take a long time to go away. Naturally, it is better to get rid of the lesions as soon as possible to avoid permanent formation of scars. Scars resulting from this condition are extremely displeasing to look at and can be extremely damaging for the self esteem of a person.

Angular cheilitis in Children

When arising in children, the condition is mainly characterized by irritation and development of fissures in the corners of the lips. It frequently arises in kids due to biting or licking lips. It may also be an indication of underlying problems like:

• Vitamin B Deficiency
• Iron deficiency
• Anemia

All these problems mainly arise due to malnutrition and poor diet. In babies, it may arise due to accumulation of excess saliva around the mouth. Moist angles of the mouth favor infection and cause Angular Cheilitis. The condition is usually treated by antifungal drugs, topical medications and dietary modifications.

Angular Cheilitis Pictures

Take a look at these Angular Cheilitis photos to know about the physical appearance of this condition. Check out these Angular Cheilitis images to see how the physical symptoms produced by this disorder look like.

Picture 2 – Angular cheilitis Image

Picture 3 – Angular cheilitis Photo

If you suspect yourself to be suffering from symptoms of Angular Cheilitis, immediately get in touch with your healthcare provider. Seeking early medical attention can help you make a faster recovery from the disease and avoid complications like scarring and worsening of infections.

References:

http://www.skinsight.com/adult/angularCheilitisPerleche.htm

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